Pensées et comportements suicidaires élevés et automutilation non suicidaire chez les adolescent.e.s et adultes autistes: une étude multinationale

Ajouté le 18/03/2025

Type de contenu

Article de revue du type Recherche scientifique ( ; anglais)

Jessica Schwartzman, Carly McMorris, Claire Brown, Julian Trollor, Mirko Uljarević, Mark Stokes, Zack Williams*, Darren Hedley
Elevated suicidal thoughts and behaviors and nonsuicidal self-injury in autistic youth and adults: a multinational study publié dans la revue "Autism in adulthood" Preprint, 20 pages , doi: 10.1089/aut.2024.0225

*Un.e co-auteur·rice s'est publiquement identifié·e comme autiste. [En savoir plus sur cette mention]

- 2% des auteur·rices cités dans la bibliographie de cette ressource se sont publiquement identifié·es comme autistes (5 sur 232 auteur·rices).
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Résumé/Présentation

Contexte : Les personnes autistes présentent un risque élevé de pensées et de comportements suicidaires (STB) ainsi que de comportements d’automutilation non suicidaire (NSSI). Nous avons étudié les STB et les NSSI dans différents groupes d'âge, en tenant compte des effets liés au sexe et à l'âge, dans un échantillon multinational groupé de personnes autistes anglophones, enfants et adultes. 
Méthodes : Nous avons administré la Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale à 245 personnes autistes sans handicap intellectuel (139 jeunes et 106 adultes ; 46,1 % de sexe féminin ; âge moyen = 24,8, écart-type de l'âge = 16,3 ans, plage = 7–70) ou à leurs tuteurs en Australie, au Canada et aux États-Unis. Les échantillons de l’étude ont été enrichis avec des personnes autistes présentant des symptômes dépressifs et suicidaires. 
Résultats : La majorité des participants (87,8 %) ont rapporté des idées suicidaires et des NSSI (56,3 %). Près d'un tiers des personnes autistes (31,0 %) ont rapporté une tentative de suicide au cours de leur vie (M = 2,9 tentatives ; plage = 1–26) ; la prise de surdose était la méthode la plus courante de tentative de suicide. Le sexe n'était pas un facteur de risque significatif pour les idées suicidaires, le comportement suicidaire ou les NSSI. Des augmentations des idées suicidaires au cours de la vie ont été observées dans les groupes d’âge plus élevés, les personnes de plus de 18 ans rapportant des idées suicidaires plus sévères et plus durables que les enfants ou les adolescents. L'âge le plus jeune pour une tentative de suicide dans cet échantillon était de 7 ans, et les âges moyens de la première/initiale, de la plus létale et de la plus récente tentative de suicide chez les jeunes (n = 24) et les adultes (n = 42) étaient respectivement de 16,6, 19,2 et 20,8 ans. 
Conclusion : Quel que soit le groupe d'âge, les personnes autistes tout au long de la vie constituent un groupe à haute priorité pour les stratégies de prévention du suicide, le développement d'évaluations appropriées et l’évaluation de programmes au niveau du système qui abordent efficacement le problème des décès évitables par suicide.

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