Ocytocine et autisme: repenser le traitement et la recherche à travers une perspective neurodivergente

Ajouté le 02/11/2024

Type de contenu

Article de revue du type Perspective ( ; anglais)

Jenny Mai Phan * , Patrick Dwyer * , Mahmoud Elsherif , Emily Friedel , Steven Kapp *
Oxytocin in autism: Rethinking treatment and research through a neurodivergent perspective publié dans la revue "Psychoneuroendocrinology" vol.171, 8 pages , doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107220

*Trois co-auteur·rices se sont publiquement identifié·es comme autistess. [En savoir plus sur cette mention]

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Résumé/Présentation

Cet article de perspective aborde les défis critiques des interventions à base d'ocytocine pour l'autisme, en s'appuyant sur des perspectives neurodivergentes pour souligner les principaux enjeux liés à la pertinence et à l'inclusivité de la recherche. Bien que l'on ait supposé que l'ocytocine puisse moduler les comportements sociaux et routiniers chez les personnes autistes, les résultats empiriques concernant son efficacité restent incohérents. Nous soutenons que ces cibles comportementales peuvent refléter des biais neurotypiques, ignorant souvent les perspectives des personnes autistes, ce qui limite ainsi l'acceptabilité et l'efficacité de l'intervention. La recherche passée a fréquemment exclu les populations autistes marginalisées, notamment les personnes ayant des déficiences intellectuelles ou des identités de genre diverses, exacerbant les problèmes de généralisabilité. Cet article plaide pour une réorientation des objectifs de recherche sur l'autisme, en proposant de passer de la modification des comportements autistiques fondamentaux à l'amélioration de la qualité de vie par une recherche participative. En intégrant les perspectives autistiques dans la conception des études et le choix des résultats, les chercheurs s’éloignent des cadres centrés sur les déficits et privilégient plutôt des résultats socialement pertinents, tels que la réduction de l’anxiété et l’amélioration du fonctionnement adaptatif. En outre, cet article critique la dépendance aux modèles animaux, qui manquent souvent de validité translationnelle en raison des dimensions sociales et communicatives complexes de l'autisme. En conclusion, nous soulignons l'importance de pratiques de recherche sur l'autisme inclusives et reproductibles, qui s'alignent avec les expériences vécues et les priorités des personnes autistes. L’adoption de la recherche participative, accompagnée d’ajustements méthodologiques rigoureux, peut favoriser des avancées qui soutiennent efficacement le bien-être de la communauté autiste.

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