Ajouté le 25/06/2024
Article de revue du type Perspective ( ; anglais)
*Trois co-auteur·rices se sont publiquement identifié·es comme autistess. [En savoir plus sur cette mention]
Il a été récemment avancé que les chercheurs en autisme déterminés à rejeter les cadres capacitistes dans leurs recherches risquaient de sacrifier les conceptualisations « scientifiquement exactes » de l’autisme. Dans cet article de perspective, nous soutenons que : (a) l’anti-capacitisme et l’exactitude scientifique sont une fausse dichotomie, (b) il n’existe pas de science sans idéologie qui puisse prétendre à l’exactitude scientifique, et (c) la science de l’autisme a une histoire de fausses pistes en partie à cause des idéologies capacitistes non examinées qui sous-tendent les cadrages et les interprétations des preuves par les chercheurs. Pour illustrer nos affirmations, nous discutons de plusieurs pistes de recherche sur l’autisme qui ont été présentées comme des avancées scientifiques, mais ont finalement été démystifiées ou se sont révélées avoir une valeur explicative bien moindre que celle initialement proposée. Ces programmes de recherche ont porté sur des affirmations sur l'étiologie de l'autisme, la nature de l'autisme et ses caractéristiques, ainsi que sur l'intervention en matière d'autisme. Ces fausses pistes ont en commun les hypothèses capacitistes sur l’autisme qui éclairent les perspectives des chercheurs. Les impacts négatifs de ce travail ont été atténués dans certains domaines de la recherche sur l'autisme, mais ces perspectives continuent d'exercer une influence sur la vie des personnes autistes, notamment sur la disponibilité des services, les discours sur l'autisme et les conceptualisations socioculturelles des personnes autistes. L’examen de ces fausses pistes pourrait aider les chercheurs actuels à mieux comprendre comment le capacitisme peut influencer négativement leurs domaines de recherche. Nous terminons par un argument positif selon lequel la promotion de l’anti-capacitisme peut se faire en tandem avec une précision scientifique croissante.
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Cette ressource est citée dans 3 ressources référencées sur le site:
- Tori Haar & coll. (2024, en), "'Nous avons tellement à offrir': points de vue des membres de la communauté sur la recherche sur l'autisme".
- Holly Sutherland & coll. (2024, en), "'Une différence dans les valeurs typiques': perspectives autistiques sur la communication sociale autistique".
- Mirela Zaneva & coll. (2024, en), "Introduction à la neurodiversité: Une liste de lecture annotée".
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