Passer de la 'science normale' à la neurodiversité dans la science de l’autisme

Ajouté le 09/06/2024

Type de contenu

Article de revue du type Revue de la littérature ( ; anglais)

Elizabeth Pellicano, Jacquiline den Houting* , Shifting from 'normal science' to neurodiversity in autism science publié dans la revue "Journal of child psychology and psychiatry", n°63, vol.4, 15 pages , doi:10.1111/jcpp.13534

*Un·e co-auteur·rice est autiste. [En savoir plus sur cette mention]

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Depuis sa description initiale, le concept d’autisme est fermement ancré dans le paradigme médical conventionnel de la psychiatrie infantile. De plus en plus de personnes autistes et, plus récemment, des chercheurs non autistes appellent à repenser la manière dont la science de l’autisme est formulée et menée. La neurodiversité, où l’autisme est considéré comme une forme de variation au sein d’une diversité d’esprits, a été proposée comme un paradigme alternatif potentiel. Dans cette revue, nous nous concentrons sur trois défis majeurs du paradigme médical conventionnel – une focalisation excessive sur les déficits, une insistance sur l’individu par opposition à son contexte plus large et une perspective étroite – chacun de ces défis limitant nécessairement ce que nous pouvons savoir sur l’autisme et la manière dont nous sommes capables de le connaître. Nous décrivons ensuite les façons dont les éléments fondamentaux du paradigme de la neurodiversité peuvent potentiellement aider les chercheurs à répondre aux limites du modèle médical. Nous concluons en examinant les implications d’un changement vers le paradigme de la neurodiversité pour la science de l’autisme.

Since its initial description, the concept of autism has been firmly rooted within the conventional medical paradigm of child psychiatry. Increasingly, there have been calls from the autistic community and, more recently, nonautistic researchers, to rethink the way in which autism science is framed and conducted. Neurodiversity, where autism is seen as one form of variation within a diversity of minds, has been proposed as a potential alternative paradigm. In this review, we concentrate on three major challenges to the conventional medical paradigm - an overfocus on deficits, an emphasis on the individual as opposed to their broader context and a narrowness of perspective - each of which necessarily constrains what we can know about autism and how we are able to know it. We then outline the ways in which fundamental elements of the neurodiversity paradigm can potentially help researchers respond to the medical model's limitations. We conclude by considering the implications of a shift towards the neurodiversity paradigm for autism science.


Pour information:

(1) les références en bleu sont des ressources référencées sur notre site;

(2) les auteur·rices repris dans cette bibliographie dont le nom est en couleur ont publié d'autres ressources référencées sur le site. Cliquer sur le nom permet de voir la listes des ressources publiées et partagées sur le site;

(3) les auteur·rices dont le nom est suivi d'une astérisque ont publiquement divulgué être autistes. [En savoir plus sur cette mention]


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